![]() To Sandherr, this suggested the spy had to be an artillery officer. The bordereau referenced, among other secrets, a 120 mm cannon, a firing manual for the field artillery, and modifications in artillery formations. Who might be the author of the bordereau? When the director of the bureau, Jean Sandherr, inspected the pieced-together document he instantly assumed that the General Staff had a spy in its midst. The Arrest and Investigation of Captain Dreyfus The Dreyfus Affair revealed deep divisions in French society and changed the course of the nation’s history. The events set in motion would become known as “the Dreyfus Affair,” after the Jewish artillery captain who would be wrongfully convicted not once, but twice, as the result of misguided assumptions, anti-Semitism, prosecutorial misconduct, and a massive military cover-up. The document pieced together that September day in Paris, called “the bordereau,” would launch a criminal process that would divide and convulse France for decades. Page of the bordereau, the key piece of evidence used to convict Dreyfus French intelligence had suspected someone in the war ministry had been leaking secrets to the Germans-and now here was a damning document written by the hand of the traitor. Henry and a colleague reconstituted the document, which revealed a number of French military secrets. On September 26, 1894, Henry noticed that the writing on six various pieces of torn paper in Bastian’s latest delivery were written in French, rather than the usual German. Instead, Bastian delivered whatever she gathered from the wastebasket to Major Hubert-Joseph Henry in the Statistics Section, who would sift through the papers for anything of potential interest to French intelligence. Bastian worked at the German Embassy in Paris, where one of her duties was to empty the wastebasket of the German military attaché, Lieutenant Colonel Maximillian Von Schwartzkoppen, and throw the contents in the furnace. ![]() Madame Marie Bastian became the most important cleaning woman in history by simply doing her job-as an agent of the Statistics Section, the intelligence unit of the French Army’s General Staff. Scene from Dreyfus's 1899 court-martial in Rennes Two years later, Alfred graduated ninth in his class with honorable mention, and immediately designated as a trainee at army headquarters where he remained as the only Jew.The Court-Martial of Alfred Dreyfus: An Account of the Dreyfus Affair A mere three days later, he received notice that he had been admitted to the Superior War College. On April 18, 1891, Alfred married Lucie Hadamard, (1870-1945) who would later bear his son Pierre, and daughter Jeanne. In 1889, Alfred, adjutant to the director of the pyrotechnical school in Bourges, became captain (M. ![]() On graduation, he claimed first division of the 32nd cavalry regiment and promoted to lieutenant in 1885. Alfred then extended his training when he attended Fontainebleau from 1880 until 1882, where he specialized as an artillery officer. In 1877, accepted into military training at Ecole Polytechnique, primarily influenced by the experience of witnessing the Prussians enter Alsace in 1871, Alfred proudly graduated three years later as a sub-lieutenant. The family, long established in Alsace, accepted French nationality in 1871 when Germany annexed Alsace as a result of the Franco-Prussian war. With his father's successful business, he secured his family a more-than comfortable upbringing. Raphael set up a small cotton mill to which he soon added a textile factory. Alfred's parents, Raphael and Jeanne had 13 children, but only seven survived infancy. October 9, 1859, Alfred Dreyfus arrived on the earth in Mulhouse, Alsace as the youngest of seven children. This paper will reflect on Alfred Dreyfus, "The Affair- itself, and a few of the outcomes that occurred because of this historic incident. From Alfred Dreyfus as an individual to the Affair itself, this long and unfortunate experience in essence altered the French attitude. My major is business, so my main focus was going to be in the direction of a business-related topic of France at a particular time in history, but your lecture on Alfred Dreyfus and "The Affair,"" caught my attention immensely and I had a strong desire to research and explore more information on this particular issue.
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